Monoclonal antibody vs small molecules pharmacology Essay

Monoclonal antibody vs small molecules pharmacology - Essay Example y development, their different characteristics, clinical trial design, choice of study population, study design guidelines, estimation of the first dose, study design guidelines, and regulatory agencies shall all be investigated. A conclusion will thus be drawn. Given the risky and fatal impact of failed drug production in humans, the need to be comprehensively certain of the efficacy, function and overall pharmacological outcomes of a clinical drug is very important. It is against this backdrop that early human exploratory development has been used over the years as the first part of any clinical development phase of a novel compound or clinical drug where the compound or drug is assessed for tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics in humans (Jefferis, 2007). There are number of ways in which mAbs have been noted to be different from conventional small molecule drugs. First, Telling (2004) indicated that there is a major interspecies variation between the use of the two molecule forms. What is more, mAbs exhibit less homogenous biological production process when compared to small molecules. Directly related to the action of the biological production is the fact that the mAb is able to achieve specificity of action during drug development but no such specificity of action is achieved for small molecules (Vorberg et al., 2000). Again, the target toxicity for mAbs have been found to be unspecific as there could be on and off target toxicity, accompanied with a highly complex PK:PD relationship. In terms of the field research that have been performed for these two molecule forms, Treon et al. (2005) argued that mAb has seen a relatively youthful research field, most of which have showed outcomes of rare to no linear dose response. What is mo re, there is an unpredictable effect on the immune system complex when mAb is used. among other factors, there is poor oral bioavailability, long half-life, and complex non-linear kinetics in mAb when in actual fact

Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse - Assignment Example , DeCristofaro, & Smith (2004), NPs use a clinical decision-making worksheet a tool that eases organization of information, which reinforces documentation and communication as well as a design that can increase clinical problem solving (p. 535). On the other hand, an RN always communicates through their ‘nursing forms’. In regard to documentation and reporting, the NP is expected to recognize and support a medical diagnosis while an RN is restricted by nurse practice act definitions. Moreover, an NP writes documentation that is constant with reimbursement codes, while an RN holds on to the values of addressing the individual from a holistic point of view (Spain et al., 2004). RNs are educated to share information in a stylized writing that consist redundant or superfluous data. An excellent example is where the nurse receives a patient and records â€Å"received patient awake and alert† where no observation is required in regards to the individual neurological status and may implant the major complication in slang. The RN has a scientific education background that helps them in recognizing patients’ emotional needs (Claywell, 2013). The fulfillment of this profession depends on the possession of practical knowledge such as current treatment measures, the science of diseases and physiology. The NP on the other hand, is in a position to employ critical thinking expertise to develop hypothesis, ranking them by expectation and making decision on what more information is required, therapeutic intervention plan and formulating a final impression. The NP also possesses the nine core competencies regardless of the setting (Thomas et. Al.,